Pragmatism. William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey. Instrumentalism. The Fundamental Role of Doubt
Pragmatism is the most important school of American philosophy. Its main representatives in the early stages were C. S. Peirce, W. James and J. Dewey. Charles Sanders Peirce is rightfully considered one of the most original and versatile philosophers that America has ever produced. As an innovative intellectual, he anticipated the development of a wide variety of scientific disciplines. His research left a noticeable mark on both the exact and natural sciences and the humanities. He was a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, surveyor, cartographer and engineer, but also a psychologist, philologist and historian of science. He was one of the first in the United States to engage in experimental psychology and the first to use the wavelength of light as a unit of measurement. His posthumous fame was made up of his works in the field of logic and semiotics, but he was also the author of an original metaphysical system. C. S. Peirce entered the history of philosophy as the founder of the philosophy of pragmatism, another direction of his intellectual creativity.