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The Nebra Sky Disc, dating to the second millennium BC, depicts the sun, moon and other possible astronomical figures. At the bottom is a figure that has been interpreted as a comet, a mythological boat, the aurora borealis or a rainbow. Sebastian Willnow\/DDP\/AFP<\/em><\/p>\n The drawings may also depict an ancient comet impact that occurred 13,000 years ago. The devastating impact of an ancient comet on Turkey appears to be recorded in what may be the world’s oldest lunisolar calendar, if the event ever happened.<\/p>\n “Ancient people may have created these drawings at Gobekli Tepe to record the date of the impact of a swarm of comet fragments with Earth around 13,000 years ago – or 10,850 BC,” the University of Edinburgh in Scotland said in a statement on August 6.<\/p>\n The engravings can be seen on a T-shaped pillar at the archaeological site of Gobekli Tepe. Chris McGrath<\/em><\/p>\n The study is led by Martin Sweetman of the university, who has previously published papers on the infamous comet event, which is said to have kick-started agriculture, as well as other indirect effects on the ancient Earth. But not everyone agrees that a comet strike actually happened.<\/p>\n Sweetman\u2019s research includes chemical engineering and statistical mechanics, as well as archaeoastronomy. His team\u2019s work made headlines in 2021 when they proposed that a comet slammed into our planet 13,000 years ago, based on the discovery of large amounts of platinum in sites in North America and Greenland (platinum can form in areas with high temperatures, including in meteorite impacts).<\/p>\n The theory of the comet impact event, called the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, dates back to a 2007 peer-reviewed paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences led by nuclear physicist Richard Firestone, according to the New York Times Magazine. The theory remains the subject of debate among experts, some of whom say, for example, that the findings could explain rapid global cooling that was not necessarily caused by a comet impact.<\/p>\n Sweetman’s 2021 paper says these counterarguments come from a “small group of researchers” whose claims are “poorly supported.” However, according to a 2018 Science News report, the debate is actually quite widespread and widely accepted, as experts continue to examine aspects such as the lack of a supposed Younger Dryas impact crater and what remnants the comet may have left behind.<\/p>\n Sweatman’s team says that, assuming the comet strike was real, they re-examined a series of V-shaped symbols carved into several pillars at G\u00f6bekli Tepe. Their work suggests that if each V represented a day, the community accurately marked a 365-day solar calendar.<\/p>\n Adding credence to the theory is the special record of the summer solstice, \u201crepresented by a V-shaped mark worn on the neck of a bird-like animal thought to represent the summer solstice constellation at the time,\u201d the researchers wrote in a University of Edinburgh press release. \u201cOther statues nearby, possibly depicting deities, have been found with similar V-shaped marks on their necks.\u201d<\/p>\n In addition, two enclosures (labeled C and D in the study) are made up of 11 T-shaped posts. The research team argues that when interpreted in conjunction with other archaeological sites in the region that placed special significance on the number 11, this provides evidence that the inhabitants of G\u00f6bekli Tepe also tracked the 11 full phases of the moon in a 365-day solar year.<\/p>\n As for the comet impact, the team says evidence for it lies in what they call Pillar 18, located in Corral D. The pillar is a human or anthropomorphic form with a horizontal \u201chead\u201d and a vertical \u201cbody,\u201d according to a peer-reviewed study in Time and Mind. Also visible on the pillar is a belt buckle and a fox-skin loincloth that may be shaped like a comet, the researchers say.<\/p>\n The research team argues that the possible shape of the comet on Pillar 18 may resemble the shape of the Nebra Sky Disk, an artifact from the second millennium BCE found in what is now Germany. The disk depicts the moon, the sky, a group of stars that could be interpreted as the Pleiades, and (perhaps most controversially) a comet.<\/p>\n\n The comet, if indeed on the disk, has a “long, curved shape covered with parallel lines,” according to the Gobekli Tepe team.<\/p>\n But the comet hypothesis isn’t entirely accepted by Nebra researchers; others have suggested it represents a mythological boat or a rainbow, Astronomy Magazine reported in 2021. Or the shape could be the northern lights, according to a brief report in Physics Today that same year.<\/p>\n The wreckage of an ancient ship near the island of Antikythera (or Antikythera) was discovered by divers in 1900.<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Several masterpieces of ancient sculpture were raised to the surface. Unexpectedly, among the fragments that were initially taken for fragments of sculptures, gears were seen. The bronze parts were corroded and covered with marine sediments.<\/p>\n In total, three parts of the device were found. Since the 1950s, they have been closely studied using modern scientific methods. For example, they used computer tomography. As a result, a convincing reconstruction was created.<\/p>\n It turned out that the mechanism was an early example of an analog computer that could calculate the movement of celestial bodies and predict four dozen astronomical events, including solar eclipses and the position of the planets.<\/p>\n The product that fell into the hands of scientists was dated to the 2nd century BC. From written sources it is known that similar systems were designed by Archimedes, who lived a hundred years earlier.<\/p>\n Almost all possible elements of the mechanism have been reconstructed today. Among them: 30 bronze gears, bronze panels with hands, a wooden case. It remained unclear what calendar was used. At that time, two were in use: the lunar ancient Greek (354 days) and the Egyptian (365). The days were marked with holes on a special bronze ring, partially preserved.<\/p>\n Vlogger Chris Budiselik decided to make a copy of the ring. His calculations showed that the number could vary from 347 to 367. Astrophysicists from the University of Glasgow took it upon themselves to refine this data in their free time. Their research was published in The Horological Journal.<\/p>\n\n Professor Graham Vaughan, from the School of Physics and Astronomy, spent his Christmas break working out the number of holes. He used Bayesian analysis, a method used to calculate random variables. The result: 354 or 355 holes.<\/p>\n Vaughan’s colleague Joseph Bailey from the university’s Institute for Gravitational Studies went further and adapted an instrument from the complex field of astrophysics for the same purpose.<\/p>\n As Albert Einstein showed in his general theory of relativity, space and time are one. The motion of objects with mass sends ripples through it\u2014gravitational waves. The more massive the object, the more noticeable they are. But even the strongest ones are hard to spot\u2014the curvature is no more than a thousandth of a proton or neutron.<\/p>\n To catch these waves, LIGO was built \u2014 two observatories on opposite ends of the continental United States. They record the wave with a difference of ten milliseconds, which allows identifying the source. Such a curvature was first caught in 2015, when two black stars merged. LIGO requires the finest tuning, and the observatories’ data \u2014 the most precise interpretation. Bailey adapted the analysis methods to study the Antikythera mechanism. The most complex calculations gave the same answer: 354 or 355. Thus, the assumption that the calendar was lunar was confirmed.<\/p>\n The radius of the calendar ring was 77.1 millimetres. The holes were positioned \u201cwith extraordinary precision\u201d: the distance between each was only 0.028 millimetres.<\/p>\n Bailey admired the work of the ancient masters: \u201cThe placement of the holes required highly precise measuring methods and an incredibly steady hand.\u201d How the ancient Greeks managed to do this without modern devices and tools is a new question that researchers will now have to answer.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yet these historical monuments were practically before the eyes of scientists. For example, archaeologists recently reinterpreted the markings on a stone pillar at G\u00f6bekli Tepe in southern Turkey, the site of one of the oldest ancient farming communities in the world. The Mesopotamian monument is about 12,000 years old, dating back to the early Holocene, which marks the most recent era on Earth since the glaciers retreated. Divers also discovered the wreckage of an ancient ship off…<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/planeta21vek.ru\/artemiada\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kalendar1112241.jpg\")
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\nPillars at Gobekli Tepe, one of the oldest known ancient farming communities in the world, in Sanliurfa, T\u00fcrkiye. Ozan Kose\/AFP<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/planeta21vek.ru\/artemiada\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kalendar1112243.jpg\")
\nG\u00f6bekli Tepe. Eisenstein<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/planeta21vek.ru\/artemiada\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kalendar1112244.jpg\")
\nThe carvings at Gobekli Tepe are believed to represent the world’s oldest lunisolar calendar. Martin Suetman<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/planeta21vek.ru\/artemiada\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/mehanizm111224.jpg\")
\nCC BY 2.5 \/ Marsyas<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/planeta21vek.ru\/artemiada\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/mehanizm1112241.jpg\")
\nAntikythera mechanism. RIA Novosti \/ Gennady Melnik<\/em><\/p>\n