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<\/p>\nIn English, a noun has two numbers \u2013 Singular and Plural. The plural of the English nouns:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1. The plural is formed by adding the ending -s to the singular form. It is pronounced as [z] after voiced consonants and vowels; like [s] after voiceless consonants; and like [iz] after hissing and whistling sounds -se, -ce, -ge, -s, – ss, -sh, -ch
\n[z]: plans, beds, cinemas
\n[s]: caps, books, hats
\n[iz]: buses, dresses, pages<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. If a noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, -x, -z, the plural is formed by adding -es [iz]\nglass – glasses
\nbox – boxes
\nbrush – brushes
\nmatch – matches<\/p>\n\n
3. Nouns with -y at the end and a preceding consonant form the plural by adding the ending -es, with -y becoming a letter -i.
\ncity – cities
\narmy – armies
\nIf there is a vowel before -y, then the plural is formed according to the general rule.
\nday – days
\nkey – keys<\/p>\n
4. The plural of nouns ending in -o is formed by adding the ending -es.
\nhero \u2013 heroes, tomato \u2013 tomatoes
\nException: piano \u2013 pianos, photo \u2013 photos, video \u2013 videos, cuckoo \u2013 cuckoos, zoo \u2013 zoos<\/p>\n
5. Nouns ending in -f, -fe form the plural by replacing -f with -v + -es.
\nleaf \u2013 leaves, wife \u2013 wives
\nException: chief \u2013 chiefs, roof \u2013 roofs, safe \u2013 safes, proof \u2013 proofs, cliff \u2013 cliffs, handkerchief – handkerchiefs
\nThe noun \u201cwharf\u201d has two plural forms: wharfs, wharves.<\/p>\n
6. There are seven nouns that are made plural by changing the root vowel.
\nman – men, woman \u2013 women, foot \u2013 feet, tooth \u2013 teeth, goose \u2013 geese, mouse \u2013 mice, louse \u2013 lice<\/p>\n
7. Two nouns are pluralized by adding -en.
\nox \u2013 oxen, child \u2013 children<\/p>\n
8. Some nouns have the same plural form as their singular form.
\ndeer – deer, sheep – sheep, swine – swine, fish – fish,dozen – dozen, score – score, aircraft – aircraft
\nHowever, when talking about different types of fish, the word \u201cfish\u201d has a plural form \u201cfishes\u201d: There are fishes of many varieties in this lake.<\/p>\n
9. Nouns borrowed from Latin and Greek retain the original plural forms of these languages.
\nphenomenon \u2013 phenomena, datum \u2013 data, crisis \u2013 crises, basis \u2013 bases, formula \u2013 formulae<\/p>\n
10. Compound nouns form their plurals as follows:<\/p>\n
a) In those compound nouns that are written separately, the plural form is usually taken by the main word.
\ncustom-house – custom-houses, motherin-law- mothers-in-law, editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief<\/p>\n
b) If there is no main word in a compound noun, then the ending -s is added to the last word.
\nlady-bird – lady-birds, forget-me-not – forget-me-nots<\/p>\n
c) Compound nouns, which are written together, form the plural according to the rule that the second word included in their composition obeys.
\nschoolboy – schoolboys, housewife – housewives, postman – postmen<\/p>\n
d) If a noun begins with the word \u201cman\u201d or \u201cwoman\u201d, then both elements take the plural form.
\nman-doctor – men-doctors, woman-manage – women-managers<\/p>\n
11. The noun \u201cpenny\u201d has the plural form \u201cpence\u201d when talking about a sum of money. When individual coins are meant, the form \u201cpennies\u201d is used:
\nIt costs eighteen pence.
\nPennies are made of bronze.<\/p>\n
12. The nouns \u201cdozen\u201d (dozen) and \u201cscore\u201d (twenty) have the same form for singular and plural when they come after numerals: two dozen (of) eggs; three score (of) years. When these nouns are not accompanied by numerals, they form the plural as a general rule by adding the ending \u201c-s\u201d:
\nPack the books in dozens, please.
\nScores of people were present there.<\/p>\n
13. The noun \u201cworks\u201d can be used with both singular and plural meanings:
\nA new glass works has been built near our town.
\nThere are two brick works outside the city.<\/p>\n
14. The noun \u201cmeans\u201d is also used with both singular and plural meanings:
\nHe found a means of helping them.
\nAre there any other means of helping them?<\/p>\n
15. The nouns \u201cgate\u201d, \u201csledge\u201d, \u201cwatch\u201d are used in both singular and plural, unlike the Russian language, in which the corresponding nouns are used only in the plural.
\nThe gate is open.
\nAll the gates were closed.
\nMy watch is on the table.
\nHe has two watches.<\/p>\n
16. The nouns \u201cexport\u201d and \u201cimport\u201d are used in both singular and plural, while in Russian the words \u201cexport\u201d and \u201cimport\u201d are used only in the singular. \u201cExport\u201d, \u201cimport\u201d are used in the plural form \u2013 \u201cexports, imports\u201d, when talking about the quantity or value of exported or imported goods:
\nRussian exports to Poland as well as Russian imports from this country have greatly increased.
\nWhen referring to the process of export or import, the singular forms \u201cexport\u201d and \u201cimport\u201d are used.:
\nThis organization is engaged in the export and import of different machines.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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