The methodology of teaching mathematics in primary grades is one of the private didactics. And didactics is defined as a theory of learning that studies the content, methods and forms of learning. It studies the learning process at a theoretical level. Private didactics, or methods of teaching various subjects, study the features of teaching specific subjects.
The methodology of teaching mathematics answers three questions:
1) “Why teach?”, i.e. for what purpose should children be taught mathematics?
2) “What to teach?”, i.e. what should be the content of teaching mathematics based on the set goals.
3) “How to teach?”, i.e. how to organize the learning process, in what sequence, in what forms and by what methods, etc.
The object of the study of the methodology of teaching mathematics is the process of teaching mathematics in four main components: the goal, the content of teaching, the activity of the teacher (learning) and students (learning). These components are interconnected and form a system.
The subject of the study is the patterns of teaching mathematics and the relationships between the components of the learning process. Among the methods of pedagogical research, the following can be noted:
– pedagogical experiment, observation, questionnaire, testing,
– study and generalization of pedagogical experience, computer modeling of the learning process.
Among the modern problems of mathematics methodology, the following can be highlighted: the transition to new educational standards, computerization of teaching, the study and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience.
Although the developmental learning system was created by L.V. Zankov several decades ago, its application for teaching and developing children in modern conditions remains relevant.