Gravity and life: new discoveries
Scientists have found geological evidence that the gravitational interaction between Mars and Earth is driving the 2.4-million-year deep-sea circulation cycle and global warming. What happens if the moon disappears? Stars can strip entire planets of their atmospheres. Discovery of retrograde orbits.
Moon race. Last news
Following the Artemis III mission, which lands the first humans near the lunar south pole, Artemis IV astronauts will live and work on humanity’s first lunar space station, Gateway, opening up new opportunities for science and preparation for human missions to Mars . The mission will combine the complex choreography of multiple launches and dockings of spacecraft in lunar orbit, and will also mark the debut of a larger, more powerful version of NASA’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket and a new mobile launcher.
As part of the Artemis project, scientists are studying the features of the lunar landscape
A meteorite study shows that in ancient lunar history, the Moon’s crust contained more water than scientists previously thought. Moonquakes are similar to earthquakes. In the case of the Moon, they are caused by folds that form on the Moon’s surface as it shrinks. The Moon is shrinking because the Moon’s interior has cooled over the past few hundred million years.
Scientists have found that life on our planet could not have appeared without the Earth’s magnetic field
The movement of the iron core generates electricity, which results in a magnetic orientation of the entire planet. Scientists can trace the magnetic history of our planet through cooled lava. Because the planet’s magnetism deflects solar radiation, it allows life to exist on Earth. In fact, throughout the history of our planet, the poles have even changed their position several times, and the magnetic field strength has increased and decreased. The rocks indicate that Earth had a strong magnetic field 3.7 billion years ago, but scientists are not sure where the field might have come from. Magnetized boulders have also been discovered on the Moon.
China outpaces rivals in space exploration
China built its own Tiangong space station, also known as “Tianhe”, located at altitudes of 217 and 280 miles (340 to 450 kilometers) in low Earth orbit in 2021. For the first time in more than four decades, it was China that brought moon rocks to humanity. China launched the Chang’e-6 probe to return soil from the far side of the Moon. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Einstein Probe spacecraft was launched on January 9, 2024. China has already begun to lead the world in military launches, sending 45 defense satellites into orbit in 2022.
Global warming leads to a change in the speed of rotation of the Earth and a change in the length of the day
The melting of polar ice leads to a change in the planet’s rotation speed, which in turn affects the global calculation of time, a study from the University of California showed, reports the scientific journal Nature. Geophysicists from the University of California have found evidence that the slowing rotation of the Earth’s core, combined with the melting of the Antarctic and Greenland glaciers, will lead to the fact that in 2029, humanity will have to shorten, rather than increase, the length of the day for the first time.
The commercial Odysseus module landed in the south polar region of the Moon
After launching on February 15, Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus lander touched down in the moon’s south polar region on February 22 and has since transmitted valuable science data back to Earth. Odysseus took six NASA payloads with him, and their data is essential for future human exploration of the Moon under Artemis. This is the first commercial unmanned mission to the Moon. For the first time in more than 50 years, NASA was able to collect data using new scientific instruments and technology demonstrations on the Moon. The data comes from the first successful payload landing of NASA’s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative and Artemis campaign.
NASA orbiter discovered Japanese lunar lander SLIM on the lunar surface after its landing
SLIM, or Smart Lander for Lunar Exploration, is operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It landed on the Moon on January 19 in a precision landing, making Japan the fifth country to perform a soft landing on the lunar surface, after India, China, the United States and Russia (then the Soviet Union). Five days later, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft flew over the landing site and photographed SLIM.
Japan’s Sniper Moon (SLIM) probe lands on the Moon
On January 19, 2024, Japan’s national robotic spacecraft SLIM landed on the lunar surface, marking a huge success for Japan, making it only the fifth country to soft-land on Earth’s moon. The pioneers were the Soviet Union and the United States, which made their first flights to the lunar surface during the Cold War space race; then China, which successfully landed a probe in December 2013; India – Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover landed in August 2023. SLIM was expected to land within 330 feet (100 meters) of a target point on the rim of Scioli Crater, which explains the probe’s nickname “Moon Sniper.”
The USA and China are the main competitors in the Moon race
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson is not concerned that China will beat the United States to returning astronauts to the Moon. Both China and the United States plan to land astronauts on the moon before the end of the decade, reigniting talk of a new space race.
NASA has begun colonizing the Moon
The world’s industrial giants have rushed in pursuit of helium-3 in order to achieve “cosmic” successes in nuclear energy. “Lunar treasure” is considered an ideal fuel, with which there will be no need to search for and extract traditional fuel resources.
Russia and the United States expect to develop the resources of the Moon in the coming decades
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to begin test mining on the Moon before 2032. At the first stage, the United States expects to extract water and oxygen from the soil, then to develop deposits of iron and rare earth metals on the Earth’s satellite. The Russian road map in 2041–2050 assumes the beginning of the extraction and use of water, as well as oxygen, on the Moon.
Lunar Mission: Polar Moon Craters Become Cold Traps and Capable of Preserving Water Ice
Planetary scientists have found that magnetic anomalies in the region of the Moon’s south pole can protect deposits of water ice in craters from destruction by the solar wind by deflecting ions, according to a report from the 53rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
The European Space Agency and NASA are developing instruments for lunar exploration
The European Space Agency has selected a team of five European companies to design and build the first experimental payload to extract oxygen from regolith on the lunar surface. In turn, the American company Venturi Astrolab presented a universal lunar rover. It can transport both cargo containers and astronauts.
Russia and China signed a number of documents on joint exploration of the Moon
A number of establishing documents were signed: a memorandum, an agreement, an intergovernmental agreement. China, with good financial support, is actively implementing the first stage of the lunar exploration program with automatic stations, said the head of Roscosmos, Dmitry Rogozin. He also added that the next steps are the construction of a base on the Moon.
China, USA and Russia are the main participants in the “moon race”
All three countries have long-term programs, the ultimate goal of which is the creation of a permanent base on the Earth’s satellite. The potential of the Moon as a raw material base for the Earth is enormous – scientists believe so.
After a 45-year break, the lunar program is being revived in Russia
At the beginning of October 2021, the Russian automatic station Luna-25 will be launched to search for water ice, a key resource for the construction of a habitable base.